Actinic keratosis
Created: 09.01.2025
Updated 09.01.2025
Approved by: Consultant Dermatologist, Dr James Denny
What is a Actinic Keratosis?
Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a precancerous skin condition caused by prolonged sun exposure. It is characterized by the growth of rough, scaly patches or lesions on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, neck, scalp, chest, backs of the hands, forearms, or lips.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of AK include dry, scaly, or flaky patches of skin that may feel rough to the touch. These lesions are typically red, pink, or flesh-colored and may be small, often measuring a few millimeters in diameter. Some patches may itch, burn, or become tender, and in rare cases, they can develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a form of skin cancer.
What are the treatments?
Treatment for AK focuses on removing or destroying the abnormal cells to prevent them from turning into skin cancer. Common treatments include cryotherapy (freezing the lesion with liquid nitrogen), topical treatments such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or imiquimod, and laser therapy. In some cases, minor surgery or electrosurgery may be used to remove larger lesions. Regular monitoring of the skin is important to catch any new lesions early.
What is the prognosis?
The prognosis for AK is generally good, as most cases are treatable and do not progress to cancer if caught early. AK can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. If you protect yourself from the sun in the places where you have received AK, around 25% of the early lesions can disappear on their own.
The probability of at least one AK patch transforming is approximately 10% in 10 years. The chance of developing cancer depends on how many patches you have and how long you have had them. If you have several patches with actinic keratosis, treatment is recommended.
AK is more common in people over 50 years old but can appear earlier in those who work outdoors or have increased sun exposure.
